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The Types of Present Tense




Assalamualaikum Wr. wb.

Hi guys! Long time no see!
This is my first post since a few month ago I sent my last post. In this opportunity I will explain about tenses, especially about Present Tense. Before I explain it, I will tell you that in English, there are 16 tenses. Its divided by the time when its used. In the present tense, there are 4 types of tenses. They are Simple Present tense, Present Continuous tense, Present Perfect tense and for the last is Present Perfect Continuous tense.
Ok, let me explain it to you.

1.      Simple Present Tense
Simple present tense is a tense that used when an activity or event is happening right now or when it happens regularly.
·           Verbal Sentences
Formula
(+) S + Verb 1 + s/es + O/C
(-) S + do/does + not + Verb 1 + O/C
(?) Do/does + S + Verb 1 + O/C ?
Example
(+) Paul speaks English eveyday.
(-) Paul does not speak English everyday.
(?) Does Paul speak English everyday?

·           Nominal Sentences
Formula
(+) S + tobe (am, is, are) + ANA
(-) S + tobe (am, is, are) + not + ANA
(?) To be (am, is, are) + S + ANA?
Example
(+) You are a doctor.
(-) You are not a doctor.
(?) Are you a doctor?

2.      Present Continuous Tense
The present continuous tense is used for actions happening now or for an action that is unfinished. 

·           Verbal Sentences
Formula
(+) S + to be (am, is, are) + Verb-ing + O/C
(-) S + to be (am, is, are) + not + Verb-ing + O/C
(?) To be (am, is, are) + S + Verb-ing + O/C ?
Example
(+) Risa is studying in the library now.
(-) Risa is not studying in the library now.
(?) Is Risa studying in the library now?

·           Nominal Sentences
Formula
(+) S + to be (am, is, are) + ANA
(-) S + to be (am, is, are) + not + ANA
(?) To be (am, is, are) + S + ANA?
Example
(+) I am busy now.
(-) I am not busy now.
(?) Am I busy now?

3.      Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tenses is a tense that used when an action was completed (finished or "perfected")
·           Verbal Sentences
Formula
(+) S + have/has + Verb 3 + O/C
(-) S + have/has + not + Verb 3 + O/C
(?) Have/has + S + Verb 3 + O/C
Example
(+) I have finished my homework.
(-) I have not finished my homework.
(?) Have I finished my homework?

·           Nominal Sentences
Formula
(+) S + have/has + been + ANA
(-) S + have/has + not + been + ANA
(?) Have/has + S + been + ANA?
Example
(+) She has been tired.
(-) She has not been tired.
(?) Has she been tired?

4.      Present Perfect Continuous Tense

The present perfect continuous tense (also known as the present perfect progressive tense) shows that something started in the past and is continuing at the present time.
·           Verbal Sentences
Formula
(+) S + have/has + been + Verb-ing + O/C
(-) S + have/has + not + been + Verb-ing + O/C
(?) Have/has + S + been + Verb-ing + O/C?
Example
(+) I  have been living here since three years ago.
(-) I have not been living here since three years ago.
(?) Have you been living here since three years ago?

·           Nominal Sentences
Formula
(+) S + have/has + been + ANA
(-) S + have/has + not + been + ANA
(?) Have/has + S + been + ANA?
Example
(+) I and Fauzan have been in here since 10 minutes ago.
(-) I and Fauzan have not been in here since 10 minute ago.
(?) Have I and Fauzan been in here since 10 minute ago?

Notes
*      Suffix -s/es is used for the subject She, He and It.
*      Do is used for the subject I, You, We and They”, and Does is used for the subject She, He and It.
*      To be “Am” is used for the subject “I”, and to be “Is” is used for subject She, He and It.
*      “Have” is used for the subject I, You, We and They, and “Has” is used for the subject She, He and It.
*      ANA is 3 complement that complete the sentence. It’s consist of Adverb, Noun, and Adjective.



EXAMPLE WITH TEXT


My Daily Activity

            My day is started when the sunshine is coming into the world. When I get up, I go to the bathroom to take shower. After that wear my clothes, and prepare to go to campus. Exactly, I  always remember to take breakfast. At 6.40 a.m. I’m ready to go to campus and start my real daily activity.

          In this semester (3rd semester), I often get class at 7.00 a.m.. For example, on Monday I have class at 7.00 a.m., and the class will be end at 8.40 a.m.. When the class have done, I go to to the canteen if I didn't get breakfast before or go to the library for finishing my task.

Then if the time for sholat dzuhur, I will go to the mosque and do sholat dzuhur. After that I just wait for the time to enter the next class at 1.00 p.m. and if the class have done and I don’t have any class again, I will go home.
            Sometimes, if I have time to sleep, I will sleep and get up at 4.00 p.m. After that, I clean my house, and then I make some foods for dinner with my family. If I have free time, I will finish my task. Around of 10.00 p.m. I will go to bed and my daily activity will be end at this time.


Ok, I think my explanation about The Present Tense is enough. I say sorry if I do many mistakes in this article because I still learning till now. And we must remember that "Nobody is perfect in this world". 
For the last have a nice day and see you next time.
Wassalamu'alaikum Wr. Wb.

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